The United States Surprem Courts essays

The United States Surprem Courts essays In 1977 the United States Supreme Court reinstated the death penalty, and since then about 3,625 people have been executed. (Copley News Service) The death penalty can be prescribed by Congress or State Legislatures as a form of capital punishment for certain heinous crimes. (Legal Information Institute) There has always been an argument of whether the death penalty is right. Supporters believe that for extreme crimes, the only punishment is death, but opposing forces contend that it is a form of legally administered cruel and unusual punishment. The Death Penalty was instituted as a way to protect the entire society, which outweighs an individuals power. When someone commits a crime they are executed and they will never be able to kill anyone again. Critics may argue that is cruel and unusual punishment, and that criminals should be incarcerated and rehabilitated. Though this would be ideal, it is not likely because after most criminals serve a sentence and are released they return to society and continue to do wrong. Though children easily learn from their mistakes through punishment, the same is not true adults who already have a certain mindset. Though the death penalty is not directly related to deterring crime, it serves as a way of scaring criminals who might commit worst crimes. In order to make society a safer place we have to have rules in place that makes people know that if they do wrong they will be punished. Our society is built on justice and maintaining an orderly society. To preserve justice we must ensure that criminals are punished and the innocent are free. The American Bar Association (ABA) has now called for a moratorium on executions in the United States. The ABA wants the cessation to give states a chance to implement procedures that will ensure a fair process. They have recently learned of lots of mistakes that have taken place in the death penalty proces...

Ibn Khaldun Achievements and Profile

Ibn Khaldun Achievements and Profile Ibn Khaldun is an important figure in Medieval History. Key Facts Other Names: Ibn Khaldun was also known as Abu Zayd Abd al-Rahman ibn Khaldun. Notable Achievements: Ibn Khaldun was noted for developing one of the earliest nonreligious philosophies of history. He is generally considered the greatest Arab historian as well as the father of sociology and the science of history. Occupations: PhilosopherWriter HistorianDiplomatTeacher Places of Residence and Influence: AfricaIberia Important Dates Born: May 27, 1332Died: March 17, 1406 (some references have 1395) Quotation Attributed to Ibn Khaldun He who finds a new path is a pathfinder, even if the trail has to be found again by others; and he who walks far ahead of his contemporaries is a leader, even though centuries pass before he is recognized as such. About Ibn Khaldun Abu Zayd Abd al-Rahman ibn Khaldun  came from an illustrious family and enjoyed an excellent education in his youth. Both his parents died when the Black Death struck Tunis in 1349. At the age of 20, he was given a post at the court of Tunis and later became secretary to the sultan of Morocco in Fez. In the late 1350s, he was imprisoned for two years for suspicion of participating in a rebellion. After being released and promoted by a new ruler, he again fell out of favor, and he decided to go to Granada. Ibn Khaldun had served the Muslim ruler of Granada in Fez, and Granadas prime minister, Ibn al-Khatib, was a renowned writer and a good friend to Ibn Khaldun. A year later he was sent to Seville to conclude a peace treaty with King Pedro I of Castile, who treated him with great generosity. However, intrigue raised its ugly head and rumors were spread of his disloyalty, adversely affecting his friendship with Ibn al-Khatib. He returned to Africa, where he changed employers with unfortunate frequency and served in a variety of administrative posts. In 1375, Ibn Khaldun sought refuge from the tumultuous political sphere with the tribe of Awlad Arif. They lodged him and his family in a castle in Algeria, where he spent four years writing the  Muqaddimah.   Illness drew him back to Tunis, where he continued his writing until difficulties with the current ruler prompted him to leave once more. He moved to Egypt and eventually took a teaching post at the Quamhiyyah college in Cairo, where he later became chief judge of the Maliki rite, one of the four recognized rites of Sunnite Islam. He took his duties as judge very seriously perhaps too seriously for most of the tolerant Egyptians, and his term did not last long. During his time in Egypt, Ibn Khaldun was able to make a pilgrimage to Mecca and visit Damascus and Palestine. Except for one incident in which he was forced to participate in a palace revolt, his life there was relatively peaceful- until Timur invaded Syria. The new sultan of Egypt, Faraj, went out to meet Timur and his victorious forces, and Ibn Khaldun was among the notables he took with him. When the Mamluk army returned to Egypt, they left Ibn Khaldun in besieged Damascus. The city fell into great peril, and the city leaders began negotiations with Timur, who asked to meet Ibn Khaldun. The illustrious scholar was lowered over the city wall by ropes in order to join the conqueror. Ibn Khaldun spent nearly two months in the company of Timur, who treated him with respect. The scholar used his years of accumulated knowledge and wisdom to charm the ferocious conqueror, and when Timur asked for a description of North Africa, Ibn Khaldun gave him a complete written report. He witnessed the sack of Damascus and the burning of the great mosque, but he was able to secure safe passage from the decimated city for himself and other Egyptian civilians. On his way home from Damascus, laden with gifts from Timur, Ibn Khaldun was robbed and stripped by a band of Bedouin. With the greatest of difficulty, he made his way to the coast, where a ship belonging to the Sultan of Rum, carrying an ambassador to the sultan of Egypt, took him to Gaza. Thus he established contact with the rising Ottoman Empire. The rest of Ibn Khalduns journey and, indeed, the rest of his life was relatively uneventful. He died in 1406 and was buried in the cemetery outside one of Cairos main gates. Ibn Khalduns Writings Ibn Khalduns most significant work is the Muqaddimah. In this introduction to history, he discussed historical methods and provided the necessary criteria for distinguishing historical truth from error. The Muqaddimah is considered one of the most phenomenal works on the philosophy of history ever written. Ibn Khaldun also wrote a definitive history of Muslim North Africa, as well as an account of his eventful life in an autobiography entitled Al-tarif bi Ibn Khaldun. More Ibn Khaldun Resources Biographies Ibn Khaldun His Life and Work by M. A. EnanIbn Khaldun: Historian, Sociologist Philosopher by Nathaniel Schmidt Philosophical and Sociological Works Ibn Khaldun: An Essay in Reinterpretation (Arabic Thought and Culture) by Aziz Al-AzmehIbn Khaldun and Islamic Ideology (International Studies in Sociology and Social Anthropology) edited by B. LawrenceSociety, State, and Urbanism: Ibn Khalduns Sociological Thought by Fuad BaaliSocial Institutions: Ibn Khalduns Social Thought by Fuad BaaliIbn Khalduns Philosophy of History - A Study in the Philosophic Foundation of the Science of Culture by Muhsin Mahdi Works by Ibn Khaldun Muqaddimah by Ibn Khaldun; translated by Franz Rosenthal; edited by N. J. DowoodAn Arab Philosophy of History: Selections from the Prolegomena of Ibn Khaldun of Tunis (1332-1406) by Ibn Khaldun; translated by Charles Philip Issawi

American history Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

American history - Assignment Example 9. Known as the impeachment of President Andrew Johnson, this was a great event in the political life of the United States. The reasons for his impeachment were based on eleven articles in the impeachment law such as misdemeanors, crimes, and disregard of the tenures of office act. 12. The Scalawags were a group of native white southerners, who during the reconstruction of the United States joined the Republican Party and advocated for compliance with congressional reconstruction. 13. Three requirements set for the Southern states to address before being readmitted to were; to declare that secession null and void, accept the thirteenth Amendment and agreeing to not pay the war debts incurred by them. 14. During the reconstruction period, there were significant changes through the passage of fundamental laws such as the 14th and 15th Amendments. There were 16% African American were elected and served in the Congress. 16. President Ulysses S. Grant’s administration was rocked by several infamous corruption scandals. Among the major scandals was in the gold market which involved two characters who attempted to inflate the price of gold. 17. The North felt that the freed slaves were given too much freedom and rights. They abandoned their participation in protecting the rights of the freed slaves and subsequently this meant the abandonment of Reconstruction. Roark, James L., Michael P. Johnson, Patricia Cline Cohen, Sarah Stage, Alan Lawson, and Susan M. Hartmann. "The Expanding Republic."Â  The American Promise: A History of the United States. 4th ed. St. Martins USA: Bedford,

Why are adjusting entries necessary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Why are adjusting entries necessary - Essay Example A situation that requires an adjustment entry is when an amount in the accounting records of the company has already been recorded but the amount is realized that it is far more than the current accounting period. Consequently, there are other situations that the adjusting journal entries may be required before the company issue the financial statements for example a situation when there is nothing that has been entered into the accounting records for a particular expense or revenue that did occur and require that they are included in the income statement and the balance sheet of the current period. Another situation is when some amount of money has already been entered in the accounting records but it needs to be divided between two or more accounting periods. Adjusting entries are used to measure income and financial position of the company or organization in a very useful and relevant way. For example if the management of the company would wish to know the much they earned during the last few months or years and even its liabilities and assets at particular date. This makes it a necessary reason for making the entries that will indicate the actual and realistic positions to the users. The procedure for making these adjustments and entries must be complete and consistent at the end of each accounting period (Lypko, 2013). Therefore the accountants must ensure that they make these adjustments by analyzing thoroughly the accounts and determine which account requires adjustment. Adjusting entries allows financial statements to be compared through different accounting periods (matching rule). Management of the company can use the adjustment entry journal to analyze whether the company is making progress in terms of earning profits or improving its financial position. For example if the accrued salary expense for a given month is

Augustines Confession Today Essay Example for Free

Augustines Confession Today Essay In my opinion I feel as if Augustines Confessions is still very much relevant and timeless in todays world in the aspect of religion and spirituality, morality, and love. In Confessions Augustine undergoes a transition from his original view on religion to a different view. He begins to be cautious of sin in his life and in the lives of those around him. Most of all, Confessions helps in understanding the Journey of man in his search for a more spiritual connection, the struggles they may be faced with, and he right path to be chosen, which is a struggle that many can relate to today. When looking at this in Confessions you see in Book VIII, Augustine tells us of his transition to Christianity. He describes how he was able to overcome his struggle with his internal battles and become a follower of Christ. Augustine describes his struggle as having two wills, one carnal, one spiritual, were in conflict with one and other. Augustines is having an internal battle between his pleasure seeking side and his spiritual side. The quote This was the controversy raging in my heart, a controversy about myself, against myself is where Augustine recognizes this internal conflict between his good and bad side. This is when he embraces Christianity. This statement is relevant today in many ways. The statement does not Just apply to religion. In life in general, there will always be internal battles that you will have to face. Whatever it may be, you will have to decide what the right path to take it is and this will be what defines you as a person. During Augustines Journey you notice in ook VI of Confessions that Augustine is struggling with his feelings on sex, women, and love. He begins his spiritual Journey and has to change his perspective from being a young man that has an overwhelming desire for sex and women to a lifestyle that is in compliance with the church. This means that he can only have sexual relations within the confines of marriage. Augustine comments on his struggle with this as he describes himself as a slave for lust. After he sends his mistress away he says: And so, since I was not a lover of wedlock so much as a slave of lust, I procured nother mistressnot a wife, of course. Thus in bondage to a lasting habit, the disease of my soul might be nursed up and kept in its vigor or even increased until it reached the realm of matrimony. Nor indeed was the wound healed that had been caused by cutting away my former mistress; only it ceased to burn and throb, and began to fester, and was more dangerous because it was less painful. Augustine uses words such as wound, bondage, and disease of my soul suggesting that Augustine sees this as a bad habit that needs to be fixed. In book VI you can see that is thoughts on women and love are pushing towards the churchs thoughts on it. Yet, his body is still struggling with this his lustful desires. After reading Confessions you can see what the Augustine goes through in order to achieve his goals of spirituality. As well as through his first-person narratives you gain an understanding as to what may lead to conversion and the path towards spirituality. Through reason and the strength to overcome the struggles with internal battles, such as morality and lust, the Journey can be completed. Augustines Confession Today By savannahr87

The Crucifixion of Jesus Christ :: Essays about Jesus Christ

"For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life." This verse - John 3:16 - is perhaps the most important in the Bible. Jesus Christ was the son of God, but he was also the son of man. Jesus had a human mother, Mary (see Luke 1:30-31 for example), but his father was God (see John 3:18 for example). Jesus was human, not God. Consider 1 Timothy 2:5:"For there is one God, and one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus;" There could not be a clearer statement that Christ was a man. Because Christ was human he experienced all the trials and temptations that we experience. Christ, however was strong enough to resist all temptation and lived a life without sinning - that is without disobeying God."[Jesus Christ] was in all points tempted like as we are, yet without sin." (Hebrews 4:15). Christ was "obedient unto death, even the death of the cross.". (Philippians 2:8) "Sin, when it is finished, bringeth forth death." (James 1:15), or as Paul puts it in Romans 6:23 " the wages of sin is death". Christ never sinned, and therefore did not earn the wages of sin. Therefore God raised him from the dead "having loosed the pains of death: because it was not possible that he should be holden of it." (Acts 2:24). The full story of Christ's death and resurrection can be found in Matthew 27 & 28, Mark 15 & 16, Luke 23 & 24, and John 18 - 21. After his resurrection Christ spent some time with his disciples. Then he ascended into heaven. He will one day return from heaven to rule on earth as King. The Crucifixion Jesus Christ lived a sinless life even up to his death by crucifixion. Far from being a way of appeasing a wrathful God for the sins of Mankind the Crucifixion is really an example of God's love toward us. Consider Romans 5:8 "But God commendeth his love toward us, in that, while we were yet sinners, Christ died for us.". At first this seems slightly strange: how was God's love manifested towards us through the Crucifixion? Through his death Christ gained forgiveness of sins for all who follow him (see "baptism"). Titus 3:13,14 says "our Saviour Jesus Christ; Who gave himself for us, that he might redeem us from all iniquity".

Manage own performance

Explain the systems and procedures and codes of practice relevant to your personal work role: 1. 2 Why is it important to plan work and be accountable to others? It is important to plan your work and be accountable to others to enable you and your organization progress. This helps to determine work objectives, It allows you to know what results are possible and what the best path to the desired outcome should be.Being accountable to others can bring a sense of ownership to the process by making you now that others are counting on you to perform a task and deliver results. It can also help keep you on track. 1. 3 / 1. 4 Explain the purpose and benefits of agreeing realistic targets for work and who would you agree these with? Purpose: The purpose for agreeing realistic targets for work is to keep everyone on task and focused on accomplishing a target that Is possible, not out of reach.This way, everyone can contribute effectively and reach targets efficiently Instead of struggling and going off track. Benefits: Having a target shows you the path that you want to take, you can then Greer on the most effective way to achieve the target and also create a plan that will give you a time scale of things to be done. This brings fast and reliable compliance to the tasks at hand. Who with and how? Compromising with my manager, we discuss some realistic/ achievable targets that I will be able to achieve and create a plan to show the most effective ways to achieve the targets. . 5 Describe the ways which you plan work to meet agreed targets: First of all It Is important to look at how much time you have to complete the agreed targets. Then he next step would be breaking the target down in to parts, this will then give you a much clearer idea of what you can do to complete the target. You can then give yourself deadlines to complete each part of the target, instead of trying to do everything at once. You need to make sure you put the most Important and time any problems tha t occur along the way, you will have time to solve them. . 6 Explain the purpose of keeping other people informed about progress: The purpose of keeping other people informed within your organization is so that everybody is aware of the progression towards the targets that have been set. Also keeping people informed of your progress eliminates the confusion of the same thing being done more than once. 1. 7 Explain the purpose and benefits of letting other people know if work plans need to be changed: People need to be made aware of any changes as soon as possible so that they can also change what they are doing.It also makes them feel involved in what's going on, they might also give you feedback whether they agree with new changes or not. 1. 8 / 1. 9 Describe the types of problems you may encounter during work and who would you go to for help and why? Equipment Breaking – I would inform the person that is in charge of ordering the equipment. Also I would inform my manager. O ther employees being absent – I may be asked to do extra hours or a Job that is out of my comfort zone. I would talk to my manager about anything I am unsure on or that I can't do.People not giving me enough information – If I am doing a particular Job and I have not been given enough information to complete the task, I would then ask questions about things that I am unsure on. Colleagues or clients asking me questions that I don't know the answer to – If I don't now the answer then I would try and point them in the direction of someone who does know the answer. 1. 10 Why is it important to recognize and learn from your mistakes? Firstly of all it is important to own to the mistakes that you have made, instead of trying to shift the blame onto someone else or denying that you are at fault.Once the mistake you have made has recognized, you can then start to look at ways to prevent this from happening again. Wars you can do this are; taking extra training if you t hink it is required, asking another member of the team, for example your manager, or Just sing your own initiative your own work and how would you set these? Purpose & benefits: It is important to set high standards for my work because then it will help me to do the best I can and help me to be recognized at work in a positive way. Also at the same time I am setting myself a challenge rather than keeping to standards that can already achieve.How would you set these? To set myself new high standards for my work, I would first look at areas of my work which I am able to do comfortably and with ease, then I would see what I could do to improve the standards even more. . 3 / 2. 4 What is the purpose and benefits for taking on new challenges should they arise and why is it important to be able to adapt to change? Purpose & benefit: Organization have to change from time to time to keep up with other competitors and also keep in tune with new technology that may become available over the y ears.Why is it important: It is important to take on new challenges and be able to adapt to change because this will show my employer that I am capable and a strong part of the organization. It will also help improve and learn new skills along the way. 2. / 2. 6 Why is it important to treat others with respect, honesty and consideration and how do you use this in your workplace? Why: It is important to treat others with respect and to be honest because It creates a good working environment in the work place, which will effect the happiness of others in the work place.This is also makes the team look good as a whole. How: Being honest and treating my colleagues with respect will build a strong, trustworthy relationship which you can only benefit from. 2. 7 Describe the types of behavior at work that show honesty, respect and inconsideration and explain those that don't: Types of good behavior that show honesty, respect and consideration are: Types of poor or bad behavior that show di shonesty, no respect and lack factorizations are: Taking the blame for your own actions, if you have made a mistake.Not asking questions when you encounter a problem and you don't know what to do. Not interrupting someone when they speak to you. Not taking the blame when you are at fault. No being bothering to help Having a positive attitude towards work. Being a bad team player Being trustworthy Being disrespectful

Reform In Britain During The 1800s History Essay

The call for reform in Britain during the 1800 ‘s was common with measure after measure turn toing issues such as working conditions, instruction and faith each going a subject of argument. The most of import of the reforms nevertheless were the legislative reform that began with the 1832 reform measure and was continued in 1867 and beyond. These first two measures nevertheless are the most important of the statute law passed during the century. It was the 1832 Reform Act though that was the defining minute in British parliamentary History. It was the first major restructuring of the electoral system in over five hundred old ages, and as a consequence it is justified to name it a momentous event. Whether or non the Reform Act of 1832 was ‘great ‘ as it has been labeled or is slightly lesser in significance is a good inquiry. It could be stated that reform acts that followed accomplished more and affected a wider sector of the population than the original measure. The Reform Act of 1867 tantrums in to this class, it reached out to more people than the original act and as Gertrude Himmelfarb says, it was the â€Å" aˆÂ ¦act that transformed England into a democracy. †[ 1 ] However one reads that statement, there has to be a starting point and it is difficult to conceive of parliament doing such wide-ranging alterations like affranchising the working category in 1867 if non for the in-between category holding already been enfranchised at some earlier clip. Francis Herrick therefore, is a bit more accurate when he wrote that the â€Å" Reform Bill of 1867 is by and large considered as the 2nd measure in the long procedure which peacefully transformed the British authorities into a functioning democracy. †[ 2 ] Reform took about a century to finish, it did n't go on overnight. No 1 in 1832 idea that the advancement they had made was traveling to be the terminal of the route. Ellis A. Wasson makes this clear by stating â€Å" †¦ conclusiveness was non their purpose, † they went from utilizing the nose count of 1820 to that of 1830 to apportion seats while they were revising the measure because they â€Å" tacitly admitted their ‘s could merely be a impermanent step. †[ 3 ]Herrick makes a good point when he says that 18th century British reform is a â€Å" aˆÂ ¦story of the transportation of political power from an nobility to a in-between category, and from the in-between category to the people. †[ 4 ]Therefore, the history of reform in Britain is, and it ‘s most of import minute has to be, the act of 1832 when the first measure was accomplished by reassigning power to the in-between category. The Reform Act, for that ground, is of great effect non merely for what it achieved but besides because it set in motion.A Prior to the 1832 act, parliament was under the control of the aristocracy and the landed elite in both the House of Lords and the House of Commons. Those who sat there were representatives of the privileged along with being distinguished landholders. These work forces were besides leaders in about every facet of British society. It can be argued that any sort of reform would be damaging to the domination the land-owning nobility held and it would look that these work forces would non vote for a measure that would cut down their power but, this â€Å" landed elite dominated the establishments which passed the parliamentary reform Acts of the Apostless of 1832 and 1867. †[ 5 ] One ground for their recognition of reform was that they saw problem looming in the skyline if there was non some kind of alteration was n't made. Encouraged by what they saw as a successful revolution in France, the people of Britain became resolute in their privation for a more representative authorities. The instance could be made that outside parliamentary force per unit area to consequence reform was inspired by the in-between category along with a really convincing concern of a on the job category rebellion. This outside force per unit area could come in many signifiers with the most popular being some type of presentation. Therefore, it is difficult to visualize the Reform Act being passed on its ain agreement and the curates merely had to look at the Catholic Emancipation of 1829, which saw widespread perturbation prior to its passing. After the 2nd reading of the Reform Bill was rejected there were public violences that took topographic point in Bristol every bit good as ser ious perturbations at Derby and Nottingham, and a roseola of less alarming presentations in other topographic points.[ 6 ] After two unsuccessfully efforts, the Reform Act was passed by the Commons and sent to the Lords on 26 March 1832 but non without another signifier of play. The Whig cabinet threatened to walk out if the male monarch did non demo his support for reform by naming 50 extra equals. When he did n't, Lord Grey resigned. Undeterred, the male monarch made an attempt to put up a Tory disposal that advocated a more moderate reform by reappointing Wellington to make a new authorities. This experiment did non hold the expected consequences and Wellington, recognizing that he could non sit a Front Bench of protagonists, ended his effort to take office. Having no other option, the male monarch sent for Grey who retook his station and rapidly moved to present another measure. Equally shortly as he was made cognizant that the King ‘s had come to an understanding with Grey and his Whig demands, Lord Althorp was reported to hold said: â€Å" It completes the revolution. †[ 7 ] Again, the Reform Act was the starting point of this revolution but its impact on future reform can non be understated. Talking to the House of Commons on February 28, 1859, Benjamin Disraeli makes mention to its impact by stating that â€Å" If we judge of the Act of 1832 by its effects†¦ it must be admitted that that policy was equal to the exigency it controlled and directed. †[ 8 ]There was no great public call for reform in 1867 and what small there was had no existent organisation behind it. What small call for alteration there was out at that place was non concentrated on any individual step for political reform.[ 9 ]Furthermore, the issue of reform played small portion in the election of 1865, which indicated a general satisfaction with the bing state of affairs.[ 10 ]Seven old ages after Disraeli ‘s address on March 12, 1866, William Gladstone made similar mention to 1832 while presenting his measure when he said â€Å" It may be said, and said really genu inely that at the clip there was a political heat and exhilaration, and a grade of apprehensiveness which do non now existaˆÂ ¦ †[ 11 ] The rudimentss of the Reform Act of 1832 were that it enfranchised the in-between category. This meant that they could form as a political force. Power had been passed from the little figure of elect whose ascendants had entitled them to a more commercially minded, progressive base and broke the old landholders ‘ clasp on power. If Nelson ‘s triumph at Trafalgar saved Britain from Gallic invasion and is considered a decisive event of the 19th century, so the reform act should be considered merely as worthy since it saved Britain from violent revolution from within. Phillips and Wetherell repeat an article in a 1836 issue of the Westminster Review that sang the congratulations for the measure by stating â€Å" The passing of the Reform Bill was our pickings of the Bastille ; it was the first act of our great political alteration. †[ 12 ] Phillips and Wetherell offer inside informations to the consequence the original measure. Prior to passage of the measure, the people entitled to vote is difficult to gauge because there was no signifier of enrollment â€Å" but the best-informed estimations suggest that instantly before the Reform Bill more than 400,000 Englishmans held a franchise of some kind. †[ 13 ]This figure comes out of a population in the England and Wales that was estimated to be merely about 14 million at the 1831 nose count.[ 14 ]The public permitted to vote so, represents merely 2.86 per centum of the population in 1831. In its concluding signifier nevertheless, the Great Reform Act â€Å" expanded the entire electorate in surplus of 650, 000, † which is an accurate sum â€Å" because of the infliction of a national system of enrollment. †[ 15 ]The addition of 250,000 new constituency members seems little out of the entire population but represented a 62.5 per centum addition in the figure of electors. Without uncertainty, the Reform Act of 1867 permitted more electors. The 1861 nose count shows merely over 20 million people lived in England and Wales which is an addition of four million people in 30 old ages. The Reform Act passed six old ages subsequently â€Å" added 938,427 new electors to the axial rotation, more than four times the figure enfranchised in 1832. †[ 16 ]It is difficult to accept as true that parliament in 1867 would hold been in favour of a measure that enfranchised the in-between category and the on the job category at the same clip which would hold been the instance if there was no 1832 Act. Without it, there would hold been an addition of over one and a half million new electors in a individual act of parliament. Whatever the addition in electors was, it was the figure of seats in the authorities that should be considered of import and here is where the Act of 1832 made a bigger impact. Prior to 1832, the landed nobility controlled Parliament, along with â€Å" icky boroughs, † parliamentary communities that had decreased in size but still elected members to the House of Commons. The reform measure did off with those icky boroughs as â€Å" rightists in Parliament advocated the riddance of rotten constituencies and the transportation of their seats to the more healthy county constituencies. †[ 17 ]It caused 56 boroughs to be wholly disfranchised. It besides included 31 extra boroughs that had less than four-thousand dwellers ended up losing one of their two M.P.s.[ 18 ]The entire figure of seats affected in 1832 so, was 143, a considerable sum more than in 1867 where the figure was 52 boroughs. This displacement in seats in 1832 efficaciously ended the blue monopoly on authorities and if one wanted to keep it, he would hold to depend on the support of the in-between category. The Act of 1867 did nil to change this as the representation ratio remained virtually the same as it had been with the 1832 act. Herrick considers this place and comes up with an effectual manner of thought by stating â€Å" In other words, the boroughs, where the new voters were most legion, were given a slightly smaller portion of the representation in parliament, and the counties, where a much smaller figure were enfranchised, received a larger portion.[ 19 ] The Reform Act of 1832 enfranchised homeowners who paid a annual rent of at least 10 lbs. That meant that about half of the in-between category and all of the working category malice of everything were still without a ballot. This was acceptable to the Whigs, who felt that those entitled to vote should be expected to utilize that privilege in an informed and responsible manner.[ 20 ] Seen from a current point of position, 1832 can be seen as an imperative gateway to a full representative parliamentary democracy. Subsequent reform was to follow and it would spread out the ballot to adult male homeowners in 1867 and produced blue-collar bulks in a batch of urban communities. The Third Reform Act of 1884 extended the franchise even further passing the ballot to mineworkers and many farm labourers. Wasson explains that â€Å" although it has been argued that the 1832 act had no necessary wake, † one can see â€Å" clearly the importance of the impact of reform on the relationship between members of Parliament and their components. †[ 21 ]He goes on to explicate how â€Å" The decisive minute in blue resignation came with the first measure and non with the 2nd. † There is no uncertainty that future steps were bound to go on and there can be no inquiry that their success be would come as a consequence of the first Act. Neither the Acts of 1832 or 1867 were perfect, there were issues with both, while the 1832 act was a beginning, 1867 was supposed to repair the issues left by the earlier act. The 1867 Reform Act contained unjust characteristics of its ain. The existent consequence of this inequality is evident when the re-distribution clauses are considered.[ 22 ]The unequal redistribution of seats in 1867 in malice of everything left citizens in the Midlands, London and countries of the North without adequate power to talk for them in Parliament. The unequal allotment of seats still favored the landowning categories who were able to pull strings the representation of the smaller borough seats. The old ages before and after the Great Reform Act of 1832 were critical minutes in the patterned advance of Britain accomplishing societal equality. This alteration was started with the motion to establish the rights of spiritual minorities. Soon, nevertheless, governmental reform took on a life of its ain and led to a cardinal interruption down in the constitutional order of Britain. However, such extremist steps as undertaken by parliament at the clip, were able to rectify most of the jobs and electoral corruptness would be eliminated and pureness and virtuousness restored to the full electoral procedure.[ 23 ] The Reform Act of 1832 deserves to be classified as great for a smattering grounds. The chief purpose of its blue Godheads was to free the representative system of untenable characteristics, and to bring forth a better representation in the House of Commons of the belongings and intelligence of the state.[ 24 ]With this accomplished, it reduced of the figure of nomination boroughs conveying about a new footing of order in political relations. The reform reshaped the political landscape accidentally ; it introduced a new political system by by chance changing the relationship between elections, electors, and the parliamentary parties.[ 25 ] The Reform Act may be seen as the terminal of the old order. However, its illustriousness is in the fact that it was done with future reform in head and it was done instead peacefully. The dominant nobility, still in control of the State, had acted, in some respects against its ain sectional involvements, to reform the Constitution by Act of Parliament, without revolution or civil war.[ 26 ]The measure did non stop nobility but it was â€Å" the first and most of import measure in the nobility ‘s supplanting. †[ 27 ]Future reform including the Act of 1867 was of import but there is no uncertainty that â€Å" The decisive minute in blue resignation came with the first measure and non with the 2nd. Subsequent steps may non hold been inevitable, but they were made possible. †[ 28 ] While non all inclusive, the Great Reform Act started Britain on the route to a better signifier of authorities. The first measure of acknowledging that representation was flawed and coming to the belief that the in-between category deserved a voice in their authorities was the most of import factor that guided subsequent reform. By the terminal of the 19th century, Britain was in front of her European neighbours when it came to democratic representation due to the fresh 1832 spring in the dark.

Compunds and Mixtures in baking essays

Compunds and Mixtures in baking essays The ingredients for my recipe were as following 2 sticks of butter, 2 2/3 cup of sugar, 6 eggs, and  ¼ tablespoon of baking soda, 1 cup of sour cream, 3 cup plain flour and 1 tablespoon of vanilla. To make pound cake you have to do everything exactly like the recipe says. First I went to the store and bought all the ingredients I needed for the pound cake. Once everything was in order I started the mixing process. First I had to cream butter and sugar together. Add one egg at a time, mixing well. Stir baking soda into sour cream. Add flour and vanilla. Bake at 300 degrees farenhieght for 1 hour then continue to bake at 325 for 15 minutes. The pound cake mixture is a very white color but after it is cooked it is a tan or brownish color (depends on how long you cook it). When in the mixtures stage the pound cake is not that tasty but after it is cooked it tastes very well. The taste goes form a flour taste to more of a vanilla and sugar taste. Also when in mixture stage the pound cake is a liquid but after cooked the top part becomes a solid. This recipe is all mixtured such as when you mix the baking soda into the sour cream the baking soda is still baking soda but has taken on a new form. Most of the elements combined by dissolving or being mixed to the point that they are so small you cant even tell they are there. Once cooked all the components of the pound cake mixed together tightly to form the shape of the tin holder that the pound cake is in. ...

How to Use the French Word Du Tout

How to Use the French Word Du Tout The French word du tout, which is pronounced, du too, means (not) at all. It has a normal register. Usage The French expression du tout emphasizes a negative word, most commonly the negative adverb pas. When used with pas, du tout can be placed either right after it or else at the end of the sentence; the latter is a bit more forceful. Je naime pas du tout courir. / Je naime pas courir du tout. I dont like running at all.Il na pas du tout changà ©. / Il na pas changà © du tout. He hasnt changed at all.Elle na pas du tout didà ©es. / Elle na pas didà ©es du tout. She doesnt have any ideas at all. In response to a question, du tout can be used on its own or with pas to mean not/none at all. Veux-tu aller au cinà ©Ã‚  ? -Du tout. / Pas du tout. Do you want to go to the movies? -Not at all.Tu nas pas dargent  ? -Du tout. / Pas du tout. You dont have any money? -None at all. Du tout can also be used with other negative words: Il na rien fait du tout ce matin. He did nothing at all / He did absolutely nothing this morning.Personne du tout nà ©tait la plage. There was no one at all / There was absolutely no one at the beach.  Il ny a plus du tout de cafà ©. Theres no coffee left at all.Elle est partie sans pleurer du tout. She left without crying at all.

Philosophy of Science and Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Philosophy of Science and Religion - Essay Example Hume has presented three characters that he has given different positions to represent on the issue. The three characters are in a conversational dialogue. Demea is given the responsibility to argue for religious Orthodoxy. He reasons that there is no way an individual can come to understand God’s nature through reason. He vehemently believes that no one can ever know God’s nature at all cost since God’s nature is characteristically beyond the comprehension of human beings. Philo, a philosophical skeptic concurs with Demea in his reasoning that God cannot be comprehended by human beings. However, he goes ahead to give convincing opinions for his position. Cleanthes on the other hand argue according to empirical theism- the notion that individuals can understand about God through reasoning from all the evidence that has been presented by nature (Hume 80). He argues against Demea and Philo. His empirical theism belief is based on the design argument which states th at the beauty and complexity of the universe can be explained only by speculating the existence of one intelligent designer, who in this case is God. In part XII of the dialogues, Philo and Cleanthes are alone. Philo makes use of this opportunity to make a revelation of what he truly thinks, regarding the entire discussion. Surprisingly, he confesses that he believes in the existence of the design argument. He argues that it is not possible to disregard the fact that all creatures in nature have a purpose they are to serve, nothing was created in vain and that everything is being done in the best and comprehensible manner possible (Hume 82). He implies that all the above tenets guide everyone’s scientific reasoning, and they point out to the conclusion that an author of the order exists. He also argues that theists believe that both God and human beings both have brains; however, God’s mind

Databases Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Databases - Essay Example Relational Databases A relational database model refers to a database, which has been set up in such a way that the data in the tables is easily accessed and retrieved by the user when the need arises. This is the data model, which is mostly preferred when it comes to setting up and storing data as opposed to other models such as relational database models and the networked model. In the recent past. This model has been widely implemented in thing such as storage of financial records among others. The main reason why databases that take up this model are more on demand is due to their relative ease of understanding. This is despite the fact that they are not very much efficient. The inefficiency, which is associated with this database model, is however, covered up by the fact that computers that are in use in the present day are more powerful as compared to back then when the power in computing had not been realized. Normalization There is another aspect, which comes up when dealing with databases. This is to do with the normalization of data in the database. Normalization refers to that process through which the fields and the tables that are existent in a relational database are organized in an orderly manner for the purpose of minimizing the redundancies and inefficiencies that may arise. What happens in this case is that a large table may be decomposed into several smaller and less redundant tables. At the same time, the relationships that are present in these tables are further defined. The main reason why the database can be broken down into several tables with relationships between them is for easy updating. In this case, the data is isolated so that a change in one area, in this case the change being a deletion, modification or updating of data is done on only one table as opposed to all the tables in the database. The change, which is orchestrated on one table, is performed on all the tables that are in the relationship. The aspect of efficiency and re duced redundancy comes up in this case. The user is in a position to handle the data in the database is a more organized and easier manner. When it comes to normalization, there is the first normal form, the second normal form and the third normal form. The third normal form tables are usually the ones, which are majorly free from any anomalies, which may come up when handling data. The main reason why normalization is required to make the database free from undesirable dependencies such as deletion and updating. It is also needed for the purpose of making the relational database model more informative to the average user. Logical Database Design This refers to the development of the database while defining the dependencies and relationships that may come up in the database. The data and information, which is gained in the process, is then arranged in a logical manner and transferred into those objects of storage, which are supported by the database. These storage objects in the cas e of a relational database refers to the tables into which there are rows and columns/ Physical Database Design The physical design of the database is more concerned with the structuring of the data onto the storage space together with its configuration. There is a lot of detailed information, which is developed in the process. An example in this case is the definition of data elements and the indexing option among various others. More detailed specifications of the system are developed in this case.